人道主义下的宗教意识 ：论鲁迅与许地山后期作品的生命意义 = Religious consciousness with humanitarianism : an analysis of the meaning of life from later works of LuXun and Xu DiShan

Abstract

在“重估一切价值”的背景下，鲁迅和许地山都以人道主义精神对宗教这个长期以来形成的社会现象有了新的认知。尽管鲁迅和许地山投入宗教的程度不同（鲁迅非宗教徒，许地山是基督徒），但两人的宗教意识都是在人道主义的调节下以为生命寻找克服困境的方式。本论文将以两人的后期作品进行探讨，主要是从他们如何察觉眼前的困境：人性问题以及个人在社会的矛盾状态，进而求索他们对生命意义的思考。在人道主义的立场上，鲁迅和许地山都认为不应该再“安之若命”似地不争，而应该积极地争取生存的权利。然而鲁迅对国民性的正视使他最终走上一条激烈的复仇之路，而许地山“多教趋一”的理想人格使他走向一条以德报怨式的反抗道路。尽管鲁迅和许地山从宗教意识到生命意义的实践看似殊途，然而他们对生命的热爱与社会的责任感是相同的。In the background of “revaluation of all values”, LuXun and Xu DiShan have a new understanding on religion with humanitarianism, although the extent of LuXun and Xu DiShan devoted themselves to religion was different (LuXun was non-religious believer but Xu DiShan was a Christian).In this paper, I will discuss about their thinking on the situation of survival with the perspectives of human nature, as well as the paradoxical state of the individual in society by their later works. Furthermore, I will look into their thinking on the meaning of life. On the standpoint of humanitarianism, LuXun and Xu DiShan do not agree with the attitude of obedience, but should fight for the right to live. However, LuXun faced up with the national character lead him to the path of revenge and Xu DiShan toward the path of sacrifice from his religious ideal of personality. In the context of religious consciousness, LuXun and Xu DiShan may be looking from different perspectives to the meaning of life. However, they were having the same love towards life and sense of social responsibility.